Identify persuasion techniques in resistance media networks (Case study of Al-Manar network)

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Media Management, Management, Salami Azad University of Khorasgan, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Not so long ago, countries and their rulers sought to achieve their goals and open up to prove their superiority and superiority through military methods and war, but gradually, the importance of military operations diminished and the spread of mass media and their presence in the realm of life. He made persuasion the best and most effective tool for resolving relations between rulers and different people.
The aim of this study was to identify persuasion techniques in Al-Manar resistance network. This research was an applied research and the research method was qualitative with a content analysis approach. Based on this, 10 news reports in 2020 were selected from Al-Manar TV programs, including news, political commentaries, and were systematically studied using coding and classification processes.
The research findings were classified based on the principles of persuasion of Patos, Logos and Itos.
The results showed that Al-Manar network has tried to convince the audience in a logical and reasoned manner by using more than 70% of Logos techniques and only about 22% of Al-Manar reports have been presented to the audience in the form of pathos techniques. As the network's reports on the Resistance Front news are insecure in the region, the Itos index occupies a small share of them.

Keywords


Smiley face

باصری، احمد ، میرسندسی ، سیدمحمد .(1392)، «راهبردهای مقابله با جنگ رسانه ای غرب علیه جمهوری اسلامی ایران» ، نشریه  پاسداری فرهنگ انقلاب اسلامی (دانشگاه جامع امام حسین(ع)).
 جهانگشته، اسماعیل، بمپوری ، فرهاد و دهانی، رضا .(1398)، «ابزارهای دشمن در جنگ نرم (ارتش سایبری)» پنجمین همایش بین‌المللی علوم و تکنولوژی با رویکرد توسعه پایدار.
حکیم آرا، محمدعلی. (1398)، «ارتباط متقاعدگرانه در تبلیغ» . تهران : سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی دانشگاه‌ها (سمت).
شریفی، سید مهدی، بختیاری، تهمینه؛ ابراهیمی‌نژاد، مهران؛ حاج محمدی، علی. (1399)، «فنون اقناع در رسانه»، تهران: موسسه انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
غفوری، ف. (1382)، «مطالعه عوامل موثر بر میزان اعتماد بینندگان به اخبار شبکه‌های سیما»، تهران، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد سیما.
 کریپندورف، ک. «تحلیل محتوا مبانى روش‌شناسى» برگردان: هوشنگ نایبى. تهران: نشر نی.
لربینگر، ا . «ارتباطات اقناعی» برگردان: علی رستمی(1376). تهران: مرکز تحقیقات مطالعات و سنجش برنامه‌ای صدا و سیمای جمهوری اسلامی ایران .
متولی، کاظم .(۱۳۸۴). «افکار عمومی و شیوه­های اقناع» .تهران: انتشارت بهجت.
محمدی نجم ، ح. (1398)، «جنگ شناختی » بعدپنجم . تهران: موسسه چاپ و انتشارات دانشگاه امام حسین)ع).
نصر، ص (1396)، «جنگ روانی». برگردان: محمودحقیقت کاشانی. تهران: سروش.
یونسی،  مصطفی، خالندی شیلان آباد، علی .(1396). «تبیین پاتوس جهت شناخت حیث التفاتیِ پوئتیک»، فصلنامه حکمت وفلسفه، سال 13، شماره 40، زمستان .
Bachmann, I& . H, Gil de Zurniga )2013(. News platform preference as a predictor of political and civic participation. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 19 (4):496–512. Doi:10.1177/ 1354856513493699.
Barker, D. & Lawrence, A. B.(2006). Media favouritism and presidential nominations: Reviving the direct effects model.Political Communication 23 (1):41–59. Doi:10.1080/10584600500477013.
Banas,J. Turner, M & Shulman, H (2012), A Test of Competing Hypotheses of the Effects of Mood on Persuasion, Communication Quarterly, 60:2, 143-164, DOI: 10.1080/01463373.2012.668845.
Bennett, W. L. and Segerberg ,A( 2012). The logic of connective action: the personalization of contentious politics. Information, Communication and Society 15 (5): 739–68.
 Doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2012.670661.
Cialdind, Robert .(2017) ,The Psychology of Persuasion, Amazon.com.
Diehl,T. Weeks, B. E. & Gil de Zuniga, H( 2016). Political  persuasion on social media: Tracing direct and indirect effects of news use and social interaction. New Media and Society 29 (2):214–239. Doi:10.1177/ 1461444815616224.
Feldman, L( 2011). The opinion factor: the effects of opinionated news on information processing and attitude change. Political Communication 28 (2):163–81. Doi:10.1080/10584609.2011.565014.
Festinger, L (1957). A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. California: Stanford University Press.
McBath ,James H. a & Fisher,Walter R ( 2009). Persuasion in presidential campaign communication.
doi.org/10.1080/00335636909382924
Garrett, R . K, S. Dvir Gvirsman, B. K. Johnson,Y. Tsfati, R. Neo, and A, Dal( 2014). Applications of pro- and counter-attitudinal information exposure for affective polarization. Human Communication Research 40 (3):309–332. Doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12028.
Halpern, D. and J, Gibbs( 2013). Social media as a catalyst for online deliberation? Exploring the affordances of Facebook and YouTube for political expression. Computers in Human Behavior 29 (3):1159–1168. Doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.008.
Langner, Sascha & Hennigs, Nadine & Wiedmann, klaus-Peter(2013). Social persuasion: targeting social identities through social influencers. Institute of Marketing and Management, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany. DOI 10.1108/07363761311290821
Levitan, L. C, and P. S. Visser( 2009). Social network composition and attitude strength: Exploring the dynamics within newly formed social networks. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45 (5):1057–1067. doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.06.001.
Jingjing, Li (2019). Political TV documentary subtitling in China. A critical discourse analysis perspective , Perspectives: Studies in Translation Theory and Practice ,   Year of publication 2020, 28 ,Issue , 4, Pages 554-574 . doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2019.1609533.
Petty, Richard, E. & Briñol, Pablo (2006). A metacognitive approach to “implicit” and “explicit” evaluations: Comment on Gawronski and Bodenhausen , Psychological Bulletin, 132(5), 740–744.https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.740.
Petty, R .& Cacioppo , JT (1983). Central and peripheral routes to advertising effectiveness: The moderating role of involvement ,  Journal of consumer , 1983 – academic.oup.com.
Schmidt,R & Kess,F.(1985). Persuasive language in the television medium: Contrasting advertising and televangelism , Journal of Pragmatics , Volume 9, Issues 2–3, Pages 287-308 . DOI:10.1016/0378-2166(85)90028-1.
Michelle ,R. Nelson , Michelle L. M. Wood & Hye-Jin Paek (2009). Increased Persuasion Knowledge of Video News Releases: Audience Beliefs About News and Support for Source Disclosure, Journal of Mass Media Ethics: Exploring Questions of Media Morality, 24:4, 220-237, DOI: 10.1080/08900520903332626.
Nelson, T. E., Z. M. Oxley, and R. A. Clawson( 1997). Toward a psychology of framing effects. Political Behavior 19 (3):221–46. Doi:10.1023/A:1024834831093.
Zaller, J( 1992).The nature and origins of mass opinion. New York: Cambridge.  doi:10.2307/2074664JSTOR 2074664.
Zúñiga, H. & Barnidge,  M (2018).  Political persuasion on social media: A moderated moderation model of political discussion disagreement and civil reasoning , Department of Journalism and Creative Media, Published online: 03 Dec 2018 , Pages 302-315. doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2018.1497743.