Defense Policy

Defense Policy

Designing a Think Tank Model Based on a Comparative Analysis of the Structure and Function of Selected Think Tanks in the World (Case Study: A Military Organization)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 PhD Student in Information Technology Management, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Sciences, Imam Hossein Comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD in Strategic Knowledge Management, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Sciences, Imam Hossein Comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran.
3 PhD Student in Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Strategic Planning, Imam Hossein Comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran.
4 M.Sc. in Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
The increasing specialization of knowledge and the complexity of the security and defense environment have confronted military organizations with new challenges in the field of decision-making and policy-making. In these circumstances, the need for intermediary structures that are able to establish an effective link between specialized knowledge and decision-making power and present innovative and strategic ideas to military managers and commanders is more than ever tangible. Think tanks, through their key role in generating ideas, training specialized human resources, and playing a consulting role in designing security and defense policies, have today become vital players in promoting soft power and making macro-military decision-making processes smarter. The present study was developed with the aim of presenting a local and efficient model for promoting think tanks affiliated with military organizations. Through a qualitative and comparative approach, through a comparative analysis of the structure and function of selected national and international think tanks, document review, qualitative content analysis, and semi-structured interviews with managers and experts of 12 think tanks, numerous field and documentary data were collected and examined using the method of content analysis and validation of the findings. The results indicate that the transition of think tanks affiliated with military organizations from insular activities to interdisciplinary network structures, strengthening feedback mechanisms, collective learning, utilizing new technologies, and continuous investment in promoting specialized human capital can pave the way for improving effectiveness in defense policymaking.
Keywords
Subjects

اشرافی، مجتبی؛ اشرافی، مرتضی. (1403). نقش راهبردی اندیشکده‌ها در ارتقای دیپلماسی عمومی و تقویت ظرفیت‌های جمعی-فرهنگی ایران در افق ۱۴۱۴. فصلنامه پژوهش‌های تاریخ، سیاست و رسانه، ۷(۱)، صص. ۱۱-۴۸.
خان‌محمد، خ. و همکاران (1401). تبیین ویژگی‌های کلیدی اندیشکده‌ها در ایران: مطالعه موردی اندیشکده حکمرانی خوش سلامت. نشریه فرهنگ و ارتقای سلامت، دوره ششم، شماره اول، صص 8895.
کریمی، ع. و سلطانی، ع. (۱۳۹۹). نقش اندیشکده‌ها در سیاستگذاری خارجی (مطالعه موردی انگلستان). فصلنامه علمی مطالعات بین‌رشته‌ای دانش راهبردی، ۱۰(۴۱)، ۳۹-۶۴.
Fraussen, B., & Halpin, D. (2017). Think tanks and strategic policy-making: the contribution of think tanks to policy advisory systems. Policy Sciences, 50(1), 105–124.
Gupta, A. (2019). India’s Strategic Think Tank: The Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses. In J. G. McGann (Ed.), Think Tanks, Foreign Policy and the Emerging Powers (p. 199).
Heinz, B., & Jung, E. (2021). The Military-Industrial-Think Tank Complex: Conflicts of Interest at the Center for a New American Security
Medvetz, T. (2012). Think Tanks in America. The University of Chicago Press.
Palmer, J., & Ellis, N. (2009). Methodology for a think tank: the future of military and veterans’ health (p. 14).
Pan, J., Lu, X., & Liu, H. (2022). “Ten Key Issues” of Think Tank Double Helix Methodology. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 37(2), 2-20.
Pautz, H. (2011). Revisiting the think-tank phenomenon. Public Policy and Administration, 26(4), 419–435.
Rich, A. (2004). Think tanks, public policy, and the politics of expertise. Cambridge University Press.
Urrutia, O. (2013). The role of think tanks in the definition and application of defence policies and strategies. Revista del Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos, (2), 1–26. https://revista.ieee.es/article/download/340/572/521
Wellstead, A. M., & Howlett, M. (2022). (Re)Thinking think tanks in the age of policy labs: The rise of knowledge-based policy influence organisations. Australian Journal of Public
Youvan, D. C. (2024). Ray McGovern’s MICIMATT: The Military-Industrial-Congressional-Intelligence-Media-Academia-Think-Tank (pp. 2-3).
Zhou, W. (2023). Think tanks with Chinese characteristics. International Sociology Reviews, 38(2), 194-209.
Volume 34, Issue 133 - Serial Number 4
winter 2026
Winter 2026
Pages 151-170

  • Receive Date 29 July 2025
  • Revise Date 06 October 2025
  • Accept Date 21 October 2025